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AI Engineering Case Study

Rust is the Language of AGI

Why the compiler that frustrated you is the reward function that will enable AGI. How Rust's strictness makes it perfect for AI-generated code.

Michael Yuan
Second State
October 2024

The Paradox of Rust

Most loved language, hardest to learn—perfect for AI

Most Beloved Language

10 Years

Stack Overflow's most beloved programming language, every single year

Admiration Score

82%

Developer admiration rate in Stack Overflow surveys

"Rust has a very steep learning curve because it has a very powerful compiler that forces you to do the right thing. You can do a lot of things that are not only wrong, not only not optimal but also very bug prone in languages like C++ or in languages like Python, JavaScript, they're not even a compiler, right? So it's just anything goes right in no strong type system."

Michael Yuan, Founder, Second State

Why AI Prefers Rust

The compiler as reward function

The Compiler as Reward Function

Rust's strict compiler creates an optimal feedback loop for AI learning. In reinforcement learning terms, the compiler provides immediate, unambiguous rewards: code either compiles or it doesn't.

"The compiler of the rust language provide a very good feedback loop for the AI so it forces AI to generate what we call a very good reward function. For any question or any request you have, a correct answer in the world of rust is what's the compiler accepts. It provides a very strong feedback to the large language model so it can get really good at those things."

Michael Yuan, Founder, Second State

"Rust is better suited for machines not only because it's more efficient but because it's more structurally oriented for the strong compiler checking the strong type system and all that. It's just more rigorous."

Brett Taylor, Chairman, OpenAI Board (via Latent Space Podcast)

Once it compiles, it works

One of the experiences that a lot of Rust developers have is that there's little debugging—once your Rust project compiles, there's a high likelihood it's going to run correctly.

Rust Coder: AI That Passes Exams

Real-world validation with 1,000+ developers

Active Users

1,000+

Developers using Rust Coder in university bootcamps

Knowledge Base

Hundreds

Programming tasks with verified solutions

Demo: University Exam Question

The demo shows a complex exam question: converting numbers to different bases. The AI running on Gaia network generates complete Rust code, explains its approach, and the code compiles and runs correctly on the first attempt.

$ cargo test

running 3 tests

test convert_binary ... ok

test convert_hex ... ok

test convert_octal ... ok

test result: ok. 3 passed; 0 failed

MCP Server That Fixes Its Own Bugs

Automated compile-and-fix loop

LLM Agent

  • Cursor IDE

    AI-powered IDE

  • Claude

    Anthropic AI assistant

  • GPT-4

    OpenAI language model

  • Qwen2.5-Coder

    Alibaba coding model

MCP Protocol

  • Open MCP Proxy

    Proxy server for MCP

  • Generate Tool

    Code generation tool

  • Compile & Fix Tool

    Auto-compile and fix errors

Rust Coder

  • Vector Database

    Embeddings storage

  • Knowledge Base

    Verified solutions

  • Error Patterns

    Common error database

Infrastructure

  • Llama Edge

    Edge runtime

  • Gaia Network

    Decentralized compute

  • Rust Compiler

    Compiler as reward function

1

Developer introduces bug

Missing semicolon, unclosed brace, or type error

2

MCP server compiles code

Rust compiler detects and reports errors

3

AI analyzes error messages

LLM parses compiler output and identifies fixes

4

AI generates fix

Applies correction to source code

5

Repeat until success

Cycle continues until compilation succeeds

"It's a fully integrated solution with Rust Coder's knowledge base of all the Rust compiler error messages and how to fix those error messages. And as you use it, the knowledge base also grows. Sometimes it can't fix it, but cursor would give a different answer. So it would learn as it goes how to fix this type of issues."

Michael Yuan, Founder, Second State

The Tech Stack

From edge deployment to autonomous agents

Llama Edge

Open-source runtime for edge AI deployment. Tens of megabytes instead of gigabytes for PyTorch. Supports LLMs, YOLO, Whisper, TTS, Stable Diffusion.

Gaia Network

Decentralized compute network for running open-source AI models. Packaging of Llama Edge + vector database + knowledge base.

Vector Search

Multiple backends: Elasticsearch, TiDB, Qdrant. Embeddings-based retrieval for Rust examples and patterns.

MCP Protocol

Model Context Protocol for integrating LLMs with tools. Not just for humans—fundamentally for machine-to-machine communication.

The Vision: Autonomous Code Generation

MCP for machines, not humans

"The path to AGI may come from code generators. If the large language model planned for something and it wants to execute on it, it could call a core API or it could generate code to perform this task for it."

Michael Yuan, Founder, Second State

The Drone Scenario

You can envision a future where we build a system that controls a drone. The Rust code generated is to direct where the drone going to fly and how would they behave in certain circumstances. It would just generate that code using the SDK that is specified and then automatically compile and debug until it works and get uploaded to the drone and then the drone fly out and do whatever the AI wants it to do, entirely without human intervention but with reasonable guarantees of the correctness of the code that been generated.

Generated Code vs APIs

When AI generates Rust code instead of calling APIs: Flexibility (not limited by API surface), Safety (compiler verifies correctness), Performance (native execution), Autonomy (AI can implement novel solutions).

Getting Started with Rust Coder

Installation and usage

Installation

# Clone Rust Coder

git clone https://github.com/second-state/rust-coder

# Install MCP server

npm install -g @rust-coder/mcp-server

# Start Cursor integration

rust-coder-mcp start

Two Interfaces

1

REST APIs

For workflow engines, deterministic software, autonomous agents

2

MCP Tools

For LLM agents (Cursor, Claude Desktop, and other MCP clients)

Key Takeaways

Actionable insights

Compiler as Reward Function

Rust's strict compiler is a feature, not a bug. For AI, immediate feedback from compiler errors creates an optimal learning loop.

AI-First Language Design

Languages designed for human ergonomics (Python, JavaScript) prioritize easy syntax. Languages designed for AI (Rust) prioritize verifiable correctness.

Beyond Human Assistance

The vision isn't just AI helping humans write code—it's AI generating verified code for autonomous execution.

Integrated Knowledge Growth

Rust Coder's vector database expands with every error-fix interaction, creating a self-improving system.

Production-Ready Today

Over 1,000 developers are already using Rust Coder in university bootcamps. It's not research—it's deployed.

MCP for Machines

MCP is not really for humans, although we're using it for humans at this moment. It's really for machines.

"If we see a future where most of the code is written by AI, to have AI write human-incomprehensible Python or JavaScript is not the way to go. Rust would be the way to go because it's friendly to the AI and reasonably friendly to humans."

Michael Yuan, Founder, Second State

Research Notes

Methodology: This analysis is based on the full transcript of Michael Yuan's talk at the AI Engineer Conference. All quotes are verified with exact YouTube timestamps.

Speaker: Michael Yuan is founder at Second State, the company behind Llama Edge and Gaia Network. The Rust Coder project is sponsored by the Linux Foundation through LFX internship grants.

Related Content: This talk complements discussions on AI engineering patterns, MCP tool integration, and the future of autonomous code generation. See Ship Agents that Ship, Why Bolt.new Won for related insights.